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Archive for May 8th, 2012

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New way to stop cancer? Block their recycling system, and tumor cells die

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All cells have the ability to recycle unwanted or damaged proteins and reuse the building blocks as food. But cancer cells have ramped up the system, called autophagy, and rely on it to escape damage in the face of chemotherapy and other treatments. Now, researchers have developed a potent new drug that clogs up the recycling machinery and kills tumor cells in mouse models.

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Cancer survivor shares story of hope with young patients

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Contributed photo Darren Warren of Melber strums his guitar outside St. Jude Children’s Hospital in Memphis.

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Melanoma Monday: Everything you need to know about skin cancer

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Skin cancer is a disease characterized by an abnormal development of skin cells.

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Study led by MD Anderson scientists identifies prostate cancer stem cells among low-PSA cells

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Prostate cancer cells that defy treatment and display heightened tumor-generating capacity can be identified by levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) expressed in the tumor cells, a research team led by scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reports in the May 3 edition of Cell Stem Cell.

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Pitt study finds genetic abnormalities in benign or malignant tissues predict relapse of prostate cancer

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While active monitoring of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in men over 50 has greatly improved early detection of prostate cancer, prediction of clinical outcomes after diagnosis remains a major challenge. Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have found that a genetic abnormality known as copy number variation (CNV) in prostate cancer tumors, as well as in the benign prostate tissues adjacent to the tumor and in the blood of patients with prostate cancer, can predict whether a patient will experience a relapse, and the nature of the relapse — aggressive or indolent. Their report is published in the June issue of The American Journal of Pathology.

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Scientists find that chromosomal abnormalities are associated with aging and cancer

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Two new studies have found that large structural abnormalities in chromosomes, some of which have been associated with increased risk of cancer, can be detected in a small fraction of people without a prior history of cancer. The studies found that these alterations in chromosomes appear to increase with age, particularly after the age of 50, and may be associated with an increased risk for cancer. Mosaicism, the type of structural abnormality in chromosomes that is described in these studies, results from a DNA alteration that is present in some of the body’s cells but not in others. A person with mosaicism has a mixture of normal and mutated cells.

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Fibroid Tumors Triggered By A Single Stem Cell Mutation

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Fibroid uterine tumors affect an estimated 15 million women in the United States, causing irregular bleeding, anemia, pain and infertility. Despite the high prevalence of the tumors, which occur in 60 percent of women by age 45, the molecular cause has been unknown…

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Hypoxia Could Drive Cancer Growth

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Low oxygen levels in cells may be a primary cause of uncontrollable tumor growth in some cancers, according to a new University of Georgia study. The authors’ findings run counter to widely accepted beliefs that genetic mutations are responsible for cancer growth…

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How Does A Broken DNA Molecule Get Repaired?

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Scientists from the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience at Delft University of Technology have discovered a key element in the mechanism of DNA repair. When the DNA double helix breaks, the broken end goes searching for the similar sequence and uses that as a template for repair…

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Study Reveals Huge Genetic Diversity In Cells Shed By Tumors

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The cells that slough off from a cancerous tumor into the bloodstream are a genetically diverse bunch, Stanford University School of Medicine researchers have found. Some have genes turned on that give them the potential to lodge themselves in new places, helping a cancer spread between organs…

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